在PyTorch中,模型并行训练是一种将模型的不同部分分配到多个GPU上进行训练的技术。这对于大型模型或分布式系统非常有用。以下是实现模型并行训练的基本步骤:
确保你已经安装了PyTorch,并且支持你所需的GPU。
pip install torch torchvision
定义你的模型。假设我们有一个简单的卷积神经网络(CNN)。
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class SimpleCNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(SimpleCNN, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 7 * 7, 128)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = x.view(-1, 64 * 7 * 7)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = nn.functional.relu(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
return x
将模型的不同部分分配到不同的GPU上。
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class ParallelSimpleCNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(ParallelSimpleCNN, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1).to('cuda:0')
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1).to('cuda:1')
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 7 * 7, 128).to('cuda:1')
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10).to('cuda:0')
def forward(self, x):
x = x.to('cuda:0')
x = self.conv1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = x.to('cuda:1')
x = self.conv2(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = x.view(-1, 64 * 7 * 7).to('cuda:1')
x = self.fc1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
return x
定义数据加载器和训练循环。
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDataset
import torch.optim as optim
# 假设我们有一些数据
inputs = torch.randn(64, 1, 28, 28)
labels = torch.randint(0, 10, (64,))
dataset = TensorDataset(inputs, labels)
dataloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=8, shuffle=True)
model = ParallelSimpleCNN()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)
for epoch in range(5):
for data, target in dataloader:
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
print(f'Epoch {epoch+1}, Loss: {loss.item()}')
通过以上步骤,你可以在PyTorch中实现模型并行训练。根据你的具体需求和硬件配置,可能需要进一步优化和调整。